Compute the Equal-Tailed Interval (ETI) of posterior distributions using the quantiles method. The probability of being below this interval is equal to the probability of being above it. The ETI can be used in the context of uncertainty characterisation of posterior distributions as Credible Interval (CI).
eti(x, ...) # S3 method for numeric eti(x, ci = 0.89, verbose = TRUE, ...) # S3 method for data.frame eti(x, ci = 0.89, verbose = TRUE, ...) # S3 method for MCMCglmm eti(x, ci = 0.89, verbose = TRUE, ...) # S3 method for bayesQR eti(x, ci = 0.89, verbose = TRUE, ...) # S3 method for sim.merMod eti( x, ci = 0.89, effects = c("fixed", "random", "all"), parameters = NULL, verbose = TRUE, ... ) # S3 method for sim eti(x, ci = 0.89, parameters = NULL, verbose = TRUE, ...) # S3 method for emmGrid eti(x, ci = 0.89, verbose = TRUE, ...) # S3 method for stanreg eti( x, ci = 0.89, effects = c("fixed", "random", "all"), parameters = NULL, verbose = TRUE, ... ) # S3 method for brmsfit eti( x, ci = 0.89, effects = c("fixed", "random", "all"), component = c("conditional", "zi", "zero_inflated", "all"), parameters = NULL, verbose = TRUE, ... ) # S3 method for BFBayesFactor eti(x, ci = 0.89, verbose = TRUE, ...)
| x | Vector representing a posterior distribution, or a data frame of such
vectors. Can also be a Bayesian model ( |
|---|---|
| ... | Currently not used. |
| ci | Value or vector of probability of the (credible) interval - CI (between 0 and 1)
to be estimated. Default to |
| verbose | Toggle off warnings. |
| effects | Should results for fixed effects, random effects or both be returned? Only applies to mixed models. May be abbreviated. |
| parameters | Regular expression pattern that describes the parameters that
should be returned. Meta-parameters (like |
| component | Should results for all parameters, parameters for the conditional model or the zero-inflated part of the model be returned? May be abbreviated. Only applies to brms-models. |
A data frame with following columns:
Parameter The model parameter(s), if x is a model-object. If x is a vector, this column is missing.
CI The probability of the credible interval.
CI_low, CI_high The lower and upper credible interval limits for the parameters.
Unlike equal-tailed intervals (see eti()) that typically exclude 2.5%
from each tail of the distribution and always include the median, the HDI is
not equal-tailed and therefore always includes the mode(s) of posterior
distributions.
By default, hdi() and eti() return the 89% intervals (ci = 0.89),
deemed to be more stable than, for instance, 95% intervals (Kruschke, 2014).
An effective sample size of at least 10.000 is recommended if 95% intervals
should be computed (Kruschke, 2014, p. 183ff). Moreover, 89 indicates
the arbitrariness of interval limits - its only remarkable property is being
the highest prime number that does not exceed the already unstable 95%
threshold (McElreath, 2015).
A 90% equal-tailed interval (ETI) has 5% of the distribution on either
side of its limits. It indicates the 5th percentile and the 95h percentile.
In symmetric distributions, the two methods of computing credible intervals,
the ETI and the HDI, return similar results.
This is not the case for skewed distributions. Indeed, it is possible that
parameter values in the ETI have lower credibility (are less probable) than
parameter values outside the ETI. This property seems undesirable as a summary
of the credible values in a distribution.
On the other hand, the ETI range does change when transformations are applied
to the distribution (for instance, for a log odds scale to probabilities):
the lower and higher bounds of the transformed distribution will correspond
to the transformed lower and higher bounds of the original distribution.
On the contrary, applying transformations to the distribution will change
the resulting HDI.
#> # Equal-Tailed Interval #> #> 89% ETI #> ------------- #> [-1.65, 1.70] #>#> # Equal-Tailed Intervals #> #> 80% ETI #> ------------- #> [-1.31, 1.31] #> #> #> 89% ETI #> ------------- #> [-1.65, 1.70] #> #> #> 95% ETI #> ------------- #> [-2.07, 2.04] #> #>#> # Equal-Tailed Interval #> #> Parameter | 89% ETI #> ------------------------- #> X1 | [-1.83, 1.62] #> X2 | [-1.59, 1.53] #> X3 | [-1.97, 1.19] #> X4 | [-1.80, 1.77] #>#> # Equal-Tailed Intervals #> #> Parameter | 80% ETI #> ------------------------- #> X1 | [-1.51, 1.40] #> X2 | [-1.44, 1.36] #> X3 | [-1.46, 1.01] #> X4 | [-1.51, 1.49] #> #> #> Parameter | 89% ETI #> ------------------------- #> X1 | [-1.83, 1.62] #> X2 | [-1.59, 1.53] #> X3 | [-1.97, 1.19] #> X4 | [-1.80, 1.77] #> #> #> Parameter | 95% ETI #> ------------------------- #> X1 | [-2.10, 2.02] #> X2 | [-2.22, 1.98] #> X3 | [-2.32, 2.15] #> X4 | [-1.87, 2.00] #> #>if (FALSE) { library(rstanarm) model <- stan_glm(mpg ~ wt + gear, data = mtcars, chains = 2, iter = 200, refresh = 0) eti(model) eti(model, ci = c(.80, .89, .95)) library(emmeans) eti(emtrends(model, ~1, "wt")) library(brms) model <- brms::brm(mpg ~ wt + cyl, data = mtcars) eti(model) eti(model, ci = c(.80, .89, .95)) library(BayesFactor) bf <- ttestBF(x = rnorm(100, 1, 1)) eti(bf) eti(bf, ci = c(.80, .89, .95)) }